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This is a code number from 0 to 4, with 0, 1 and 2 meaning data is included, and 3 and 4 indicating no precipitation data. i X is a code number indicating the manner of station operation, and the format used in group 7wwWW ; codes 1, 2 and 3 indicate a staffed station, while codes 4 to 7 indicate an automatic station.
TAF indicates that the following is a terminal aerodrome forecast. This line may also indicate an amended forecast (TAF AMD) or a corrected forecast (TAF COR) [3] KXYZ indicates the airport to which the forecast applies (ICAO airport code). 051730Z indicates that the report was issued on the 5th of the month at 1730 UTC (also known as Zulu ...
A typical METAR contains data for the airport identifier, time of observation, wind direction and speed, visibility, current weather phenomena such as precipitation, cloud cover and heights, temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure. This information forms the body of the report, consisting a maximum of 11 groups of information.
VOLMET (French origin vol (flight) and météo (weather report)), or meteorological information for aircraft in flight, is a worldwide network of radio stations that broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports on shortwave frequencies, and in some countries on VHF too. Reports are sent in upper sideband mode, using automated voice transmissions.
Terminal verification results (TVR) or Tag '95' [1] is an EMV data object . The TVR is a series of bits set by the terminal reading an EMV card, based on logical tests (for example has the card expired). This data object is used in the terminal's decision whether to accept, decline or go on-line for a payment transaction.
Viterbi decoding allows asymptotically optimal decoding efficiency with increasing constraint length of the convolutional code, but at the expense of exponentially increasing complexity. A convolutional code that is terminated is also a 'block code' in that it encodes a block of input data, but the block size of a convolutional code is ...
In particular, it is possible to design binary BCH codes that can correct multiple bit errors. Another advantage of BCH codes is the ease with which they can be decoded, namely, via an algebraic method known as syndrome decoding. This simplifies the design of the decoder for these codes, using small low-power electronic hardware.
This process is iterated until a valid codeword is achieved or decoding is exhausted. This type of decoding is often referred to as sum-product decoding. The decoding of the SPC codes is often referred to as the "check node" processing, and the cross-checking of the variables is often referred to as the "variable-node" processing.