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Abiotic stress mostly affects plants used in agriculture. Some examples of adverse conditions (which may be caused by climate change) are high or low temperatures, drought, salinity, and toxins. [20] Rice (Oryza sativa) is a classic example. Rice is a staple food throughout the world, especially in China and India.
Addressing these concerns was a central part of the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land [3] as well as in the 2024 UNEP Actions on Air Quality report. [4] Mitigation of agricultural pollution is a key component in the development of a sustainable food system. [5] [6] [7]
food security - food produced in sufficient quantity to meet the full requirements of all people i.e. total global food supply equals the total global demand. For households it is the ability to purchase or produce the food they need for a healthy and active life (disposable income is a crucial issue).
Social and health costs include the negative effect on the health of people directly exposed to this phenomenon (excessive heat waves), high food costs, stress caused by failed harvests, water scarcity, etc. Drought can also lead to increased air pollution due to increased dust concentrations and wildfires. [8]
Water pollution due to dairy farming in the Wairarapa in New Zealand. Agriculture is dependent on available soil moisture, which is directly affected by climate dynamics, with precipitation being the input in this system and various processes being the output, such as evapotranspiration, surface runoff, drainage, and percolation into groundwater.
Nutrient pollution is a major cause of algal blooms and excess growth of other aquatic plants leading to overcrowding competition for sunlight, space, and oxygen. Increased competition for the added nutrients can cause potential disruption to entire ecosystems and food webs, as well as a loss of habitat, and biodiversity of species. [25]
Cocoa drinks may help relieve stress while offsetting the negative impact of fatty foods that many of us turn to when stressed. Image credit: Grace Cary/Getty Images.
a Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2016 report: "Food loss is defined as 'the decrease in quantity or quality of food.' Food waste is part of food loss and refers to discarding or alternative (nonfood) use of food that is safe and nutritious for human consumption along the entire food supply chain, from primary production to end ...