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The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin receptors, ligands, and accessory proteins. The genes of the melanocortin system are found in chordates . [ 2 ] Melanocortins were originally named so because their earliest known function was in melanogenesis .
Melanocortin receptors are members of the rhodopsin family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. There are five known members of the melanocortin receptor system [ 1 ] each with differing specificities for melanocortins : [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
17201 Ensembl ENSG00000124089 ENSMUSG00000038537 UniProt P41968 P33033 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_019888 NM_008561 RefSeq (protein) NP_063941 NP_032587 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 56.25 – 56.25 Mb Chr 2: 172.09 – 172.09 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC 3 R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene. Function This gene encodes MC 3 R, a G ...
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC 4 R) is a melanocortin receptor that in humans is encoded by the MC4R gene highly expressed in paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It encodes the MC 4 R protein, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC 2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH. [5] A G protein–coupled receptor located on the external cell plasma membrane, it is coupled to G αs and upregulates levels of cAMP by activating adenylyl ...
The interaction of ligands with their binding sites can be characterized in terms of a binding affinity. In general, high-affinity ligand binding results from greater attractive forces between the ligand and its receptor while low-affinity ligand binding involves less attractive force.
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1, also known as MCH 1, is one of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptors found in all mammals. [5]The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family 1, is an integral plasma membrane protein which binds melanin-concentrating hormone.