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A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational.Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety.
Lecky stressed the defense mechanism of resistance as an individual's method of regulating his self-concept. [2] Lecky's self-consistency theory is that self-consistency is a primary motivating force in human behavior. Lecky's theory concerned the organization of ideas of the self and the self's overall need for a "master" motive that serves to ...
Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. In this view, the Dunning–Kruger effect is the thesis that those who are incompetent in a given area tend to be ignorant of their incompetence, i.e., they lack the metacognitive ability to become aware of their incompetence.
Related to the concept of cognitive dissonance, in that individuals may reduce inconsistency by searching for information which reconfirms their views (Jermias, 2001, p. 146). [28] Affinity bias: Tendency to be favorably biased toward people most like ourselves. [29] Self-serving bias: Tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than ...
The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
In social cognitive theory of morality, self-regulatory mechanisms embedded in moral standards and self-sanctions translate moral reasoning into actions, and, as a result, moral agency is exerted. Thus, the moral self is situated in a broader, socio-cognitive self-theory consisting of self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective, and self ...
This process assumes that individuals have a unitary self-concept that they can be more or less aware of. Reicher and others argued that individuals do not have a unitary sense of self. Social identity theory , for instance, points out that one's sense of self is made up of personal identity and multiple social identities, all of which combine ...
Self-categorization theory; Self-concealment; Self-concept; Self-consciousness; Self-enhancement; Self-esteem; Self-esteem functions; Self-handicapping; Self-hating Jew; Self-licensing; Self-objectification; Self-other control; Self-ownership; Self-referential encoding; Self-schema; Self-verification theory; Sense of ownership; Shishlam; Social ...