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  2. Osmoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation

    Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

  3. Osmoprotectant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoprotectant

    They have been shown to play a protective role by maintaining enzyme activity through freeze-thaw cycles and at higher temperatures. It is currently believed that they function by stabilizing protein structures by promoting preferential exclusion from the water layers on the surface of hydrated proteins.

  4. Two-component regulatory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-component_regulatory...

    Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...

  5. EnvZ/OmpR two-component system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnvZ/OmpR_two-component_system

    EnvZ is a sensor-transmitter that spans the inner cytoplasmic membrane and has historically been divided into two domains, the sensory and the transmitter domain. [3] [4] The protein is composed of a short N-terminal tail in the periplasm, two transmembrane regions with an intervening periplasmic loop, and a cytoplasmic domain containing the autophosphorylated histidine residue, which is ...

  6. Fluid balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_balance

    Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.

  7. Homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

    Homeostasis is an almost exclusively biological term, referring to the concepts described by Bernard and Cannon, concerning the constancy of the internal environment in which the cells of the body live and survive.

  8. Osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis

    The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) [1] is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential ...

  9. Regulatory enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_enzyme

    So, by activating one first catalyzing enzyme a big amount of the following enzymes is activated and the amount of product required is achieved as it is needed. Connective tissues proteins as collagen (zymogen: procolagen), hormones like insulin (zymogen: proinsulin) and proteins involved in development processes and apoptosis (programmed cell ...