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Over the following five months, these ships planted 56,571 of the 70,177 mines laid to form the North Sea mine barrage. [3] The WWI Mine Memorial on Boston Common, Massachusetts, United States [13] Only the two smallest of the eight steamships converted to lay the barrage remained in commission for conventional minelaying operations.
Operation Starvation sank more ship tonnage in the last six months of the war than the efforts of all other sources combined. The Twentieth Air Force flew 1,529 sorties and laid 12,135 mines in 26 fields on 46 separate missions. Mining demanded only 5.7% of the XXI Bomber Command's total sorties, and only 15 B-29s were lost in the effort. In ...
Most defensive minefields had historically been within visual distance of navigational aids establishing precise locations. Laying the Northern Barrage in waters so far from land was a challenging navigational problem before Global Positioning System information was available.
McCollum memo, page 1. The McCollum memo contained an eight-part plan to counter rising Japanese power over East Asia, introduced with this short, explicit paragraph: [7] It is not believed that in the present state of political opinion the United States government is capable of declaring war against Japan without more ado; and it is barely possible that vigorous action on our part might lead ...
Within 24 hours, Congress had reversed its position of neutrality in World War II, declaring war on Japan and starting the chain of events that led to the U.S. forces joining the full war.
Their flight range is 5 to 15 km. [1] Course-corrected missiles allow the Zemledeliye to deploy a minefield in a matter of minutes. The system fires rockets that scatter mines at a given location. [1] In accordance with the second protocol of the Geneva Convention, each mine is equipped with programmable self-destruct mechanisms. This ensures ...
In Kosovo, a state-owned energy company plans to destroy a village to make way for expanded coal mining as the government and the World Bank plan for a proposed coal-burning power plant. The government has already forced roughly 1,000 residents from their homes. Many former residents claim officials violated World Bank policy requiring borrowers to restore their living conditions at equal or ...
This series came from a determination to understand why, and to explore how their way back from war can be smoothed. Moral injury is a relatively new concept that seems to describe what many feel: a sense that their fundamental understanding of right and wrong has been violated, and the grief, numbness or guilt that often ensues.