Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
A one-tailed hypothesis (tested using a one-sided test) [2] is an inexact hypothesis in which the value of a parameter is specified as being either: above or equal to a certain value, or; below or equal to a certain value. A one-tailed hypothesis is said to have directionality. Fisher's original (lady tasting tea) example was a one-tailed test ...
In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]
The p-value does not provide the probability that either the null hypothesis or its opposite is correct (a common source of confusion). [ 36 ] If the p -value is less than the chosen significance threshold (equivalently, if the observed test statistic is in the critical region), then we say the null hypothesis is rejected at the chosen level of ...
Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature. The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common-sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic. For example, − (−3) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original value.
tangent basis e 1, e 2, e 3 to the coordinate curves (left), dual basis, covector basis, or reciprocal basis e 1, e 2, e 3 to coordinate surfaces (right), in 3-d general curvilinear coordinates (q 1, q 2, q 3), a tuple of numbers to define a point in a position space. Note the basis and cobasis coincide only when the basis is orthonormal. [1 ...
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. [1] Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis , linear algebra , stochastic analysis , differential equations , and ...
The variable could take on a value of 1 for males and 0 for females (or vice versa). In machine learning this is known as one-hot encoding. Dummy variables are commonly used in regression analysis to represent categorical variables that have more than two levels, such as education level or occupation.
A basis (or reference frame) of a (universal) algebra is a function that takes some algebra elements as values () and satisfies either one of the following two equivalent conditions. Here, the set of all b ( i ) {\displaystyle b(i)} is called the basis set , whereas several authors call it the "basis".