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String vibrations. In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or point-like by definition, strings are one-dimensional extended entities. Researchers often have an interest in string theories because theories in which the fundamental ...
String theory has been used to construct a variety of models of particle physics going beyond the standard model. Typically, such models are based on the idea of compactification. Starting with the ten- or eleven-dimensional spacetime of string or M-theory, physicists postulate a shape for the extra dimensions.
The Standard Model is the set of rules that describes the interactions of these particles. In the 1980s, a new mathematical model of theoretical physics, called string theory, emerged. It showed how all the different subatomic particles known to science could be constructed by hypothetical one-dimensional "strings", infinitesimal building ...
In particle physics, the Lund string model is a phenomenological model of hadronization. It treats all but the highest- energy gluons as field lines, which are attracted to each other due to the gluon self-interaction and so form a narrow tube (or string) of strong color field .
At low energies, type IIA string theory is described by type IIA supergravity in ten dimensions which is a non-chiral theory (i.e. left–right symmetric) with (1,1) d=10 supersymmetry; the fact that the anomalies in this theory cancel is therefore trivial.
In 1974, together with John H. Schwarz, Scherk realised that string theory was a theory of quantum gravity. In 1978, together with Eugène Cremmer and Bernard Julia , Scherk constructed the Lagrangian and supersymmetry transformations for eleven-dimensional supergravity , [ 3 ] which is one of the foundations of M-theory .
In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime. [1] The term was coined by Leonard Susskind [2] as a direct generalization of the world line concept for a point particle in special and general relativity.
In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity theories), a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a zero-dimensional point particle, a one-dimensional string, or a two-dimensional membrane to higher-dimensional objects.