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Before the 13th century, there were no organized networks of streets inside cities, merely shifting footpaths. With the invention of the horse harness and wagons with swivelled front axles that could make tight turns, urban street networks stabilized. [15] In the medieval Islamic world, many roads were built throughout the Arab Empire.
Roman roads were of several kinds, ranging from small local roads to broad, long-distance highways built to connect cities, major towns and military bases. These major roads were often stone-paved and metaled, cambered for drainage, and were flanked by footpaths, bridleways and drainage ditches. They were laid along accurately surveyed courses ...
An important medieval German pilgrim route was the Via Tolosana (because the most important town along the way is Toulouse, France). This is one of the four medieval pilgrim routes described by Aimery Picaud in his 12th-century Pilgrim's Guide, used by pilgrims from southern and eastern Europe on the Way of St James to Santiago de Compostela. [27]
The streets were usually 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide, so a chariot could pass through. They ran alongside the façades of the houses. Alleys run between streets, these are usually only 5–6 m (16–20 ft) wide. Sometimes, they are only 2–2.5 m (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in) wide. In a bastide there were usually between one and eight streets.
The streets were very narrow, averaging only four meters wide. The average house in the 14th century had a ground floor, two floors of residential space, and another smaller residential space under the roof on the third floor, but there were also a large number of houses with four floors on the Rue Saint-Denis , the Rue Saint-Honoré and other ...
During the medieval period, cobblestone streets became common in many European towns and cities. Cobblestones were readily available, as they were often naturally occurring stones found in riverbeds and fields. Their rounded shape made them easy to lay, and their durability was well-suited to the needs of growing urban centers.
Pavage was a medieval toll for the maintenance or improvement of a road or street in medieval England, Wales and Ireland. [1] The king by letters patent granted the right to collect it to an individual, or the corporation of a town, or to the "bailiffs and good men" of a neighbouring village.
The vennels of Perth are a collection of small medieval streets in the city of ... on a city-wide scale, in March 2019. ... The buildings were converted into a ...