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  2. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})

  3. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.

  4. CDATA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDATA

    Similarly, if the numeric character reference ð appears in element content, it will be interpreted as the single Unicode character 00F0 (small letter eth). But if the same appears in a CDATA section, it will be parsed as six characters: ampersand, hash mark, digit 2, digit 4, digit 0, semicolon.

  5. Syntax (programming languages) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)

    Terminal symbols are the concrete characters or strings of characters (for example keywords such as define, if, let, or void) from which syntactically valid programs are constructed. Syntax can be divided into context-free syntax and context-sensitive syntax. [7] Context-free syntax are rules directed by the metalanguage of the programming ...

  6. Function (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(computer...

    For an object, semantics can confuse programmers since an object is always treated as a reference. Passing an object ByVal copies the reference; not the state of the object. The called procedure can modify the state of the object via its methods yet cannot modify the object reference of the actual parameter.

  7. Value type and reference type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_type_and_reference_type

    Foo is a reference type, where a is initially assigned a reference of a new object, and b is assigned to the same object reference, i.e. bound to the same object as a, therefore, changes through a is also visible to b as well. Afterwards, a is assigned a reference (rebound) to another new object, and now a and b refer to different

  8. List of Java bytecode instructions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Java_bytecode...

    This is a list of the instructions that make up the Java bytecode, an abstract machine language that is ultimately executed by the Java virtual machine. [1] The Java bytecode is generated from languages running on the Java Platform, most notably the Java programming language.

  9. Array slicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_slicing

    If we have a vector containing elements (2, 5, 7, 3, 8, 6, 4, 1), and want to create an array slice from the 3rd to the 6th elements, we get (7, 3, 8, 6). In programming languages that use a 0-based indexing scheme, the slice would be from index 2 to 5. Reducing the range of any index to a single value effectively removes the need for that index.