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A Siemens chart filter in a collimator, used for auto-focus calibration of digital still cameras. In the field of video production, where it is often called a back focus chart, the Siemens star is widely used to adjust the back focus of removable lenses. It is also used during film or video shoots to help setting the focus in special situations.
The lens is focused automatically by means of the camera's hardware and firmware, to obtain optimum sharpness of an image. [4] AF-L or AFL: Autofocus lock. Locks a particular focus setting, preventing refocusing if the scene changes. [4] AoV: Angle of view. Describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera. APEX
Diagram illustrating the flange focal length of an SLR–type and a mirrorless–type camera. For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance (FFD) (also known as the flange-to-film distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance (FBD), flange focal length (FFL), back focus [1] or register, depending on the usage and source) of a lens mount system is the distance from the ...
Cameras with interchangeable film formats (view cameras, field cameras and some medium format cameras) may have etchings on the focusing screen to show the limits of the films. Most of these cameras have either plain or grid screens because due to the size of the focusing screen the only focusing aid really needed is a magnifying glass.
Therefore, reduced–depth-of-field effects will require smaller f-numbers (and thus potentially more difficult or complex optics) when using small-format cameras than when using larger-format cameras. Beyond focus, image sharpness is related to f-number through two different optical effects: aberration, due to imperfect lens design, and ...
The hyperfocal distance is, therefore, the most desirable distance on which to pre-set the focus of a fixed-focus camera. It is worth noting, too, that if a camera is focused on s = ∞, the closest acceptable object is at L 2 = sh/(h + s) = h/(h/s + 1) = h (by equation 21). This is a second important meaning of the hyperfocal distance.
Macro or close-up modes tend to direct the camera's focus to be nearer the camera. They may shrink the aperture and restrict the camera to wide-angle in an attempt to broaden the depth-of-field (to include closer objects) – this last mode of operation is often known as Super Macro. Movie mode allows a still camera to take moving pictures.
Live preview on LCD. The concept for cameras with live preview largely derives from electronic TV cameras.Until 1995 most digital cameras did not have live preview, and it was more than ten years after this that the higher end digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) adopted this feature, as it is fundamentally incompatible with the swinging-mirror single-lens reflex mechanism.