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The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
The macula flava in newborn vocal folds is important for the growth and development of the vocal ligament and layered structure of the vocal folds. In the adult, the macula flavae are probably required for metabolism of the extracellular matrices of the vocal fold mucosa, replacing damaged fibers in order to maintain the integrity and ...
The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above ...
The lower pair of folds are known as the vocal cords, which produce sounds needed for speech and other vocalizations. The slit-like space between the left and right vocal cords, called the rima glottidis, is the narrowest part of the larynx. The vocal cords and the rima glottidis are together designated as the glottis.
The ability to vary the ab/adduction of the vocal folds quickly has a strong genetic component, since vocal fold adduction has a life-preserving function in keeping food from passing into the lungs, in addition to the covering action of the epiglottis. Consequently, the muscles that control this action are among the fastest in the body. [11]
The lower fibres of the quadrangular ligament condense to form the false vocal cords or the vestibular fold, while the upper fibres of the cricovocal ligaments condense to form the true vocal cord. The superior border is in the aryepiglottic fold. [citation needed]
The posterior surface is triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the arytenoid muscle and transversus.. The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process.
The function of the laryngeal saccules is not well understood. [1] They may help to lubricate the vocal cords , with the contraction of surrounding muscles increasing mucus secretion. [ 1 ] In other animals (such as primates ), they may increase the resonance of vocalisation.