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Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress are generally rare. Although the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated U.S. politics in a two-party system since 1856, some independents and members of other political parties have also been elected to the House of Representatives or Senate, or changed their party affiliation during their term.
Officially recognized parties in states are not guaranteed have ballot access, membership numbers of some parties with ballot access are not tracked, and vice versa. Not all of these parties are active, and not all states record voter registration by party. Boxes in gray mean that the specific party's registration is not reported.
Third party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties. The winner take all system for presidential elections and the single-seat plurality voting system for Congressional elections have over time helped establish the two-party system.
This is a list of notable performances of third-party and independent candidates in elections to the United States House of Representatives.. It is rare for candidates, other than those of the six parties which have succeeded as major parties (Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, National Republican Party, Democratic Party, Whig Party, Republican Party), to take large shares of the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 February 2025. Bicameral legislature of the United States For the current Congress, see 119th United States Congress. For the building, see United States Capitol. This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being ...
The 119th United States Congress began on January 3, 2025. There were nine new senators (four Democrats, five Republicans) and 63 new representatives (33 Democrats, 30 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (a Democrat and a Republican), at the start of its first session.
This is a list of notable performances of third party and independent candidates in elections to the United States Senate.. It is rare for candidates, other than those of the six parties which have succeeded as major parties (Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, National Republican Party, Democratic Party, Whig Party, Republican Party), to take large shares of the vote in elections.
All members of Congress are automatically enrolled in the Federal Employees Retirement System, a pension system also used for federal civil servants, except the formula for calculating Congress members' pension results in a 70% higher pension than other federal employees based on the first 20 years of service. [45]