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Balance wheel in a 1950s alarm clock, the Apollo, by Lux Mfg. Co. showing the balance spring (1) and regulator (2) Modern balance wheel in a watch movement A balance wheel , or balance , is the timekeeping device used in mechanical watches and small clocks , analogous to the pendulum in a pendulum clock .
The balance spring is a fine spiral or helical torsion spring used in mechanical watches, alarm clocks, kitchen timers, marine chronometers, and other timekeeping mechanisms to control the rate of oscillation of the balance wheel. The balance spring is an essential adjunct to the balance wheel, causing it to oscillate back and forth. The ...
The Gyromax is a 'free sprung' balance, meaning there is no regulator on the wheel's balance spring for adjusting the watch's rate, so the collets are used for adjusting both poise and rate. Swiss patents were granted to Patek Phillipe for the Gyromax balance on May 15, 1949 and December 31, 1951, and the balance was first used in watches in 1952.
Ruby jewel bearings used for a balance wheel in a mechanical watch movement Cross-section of a jewel bearing in a mechanical watch. This type of donut-shaped bearing (red) is called a hole jewel, used for most of the ordinary wheels in the gear train. It is usually made of synthetic sapphire or ruby, press-fit into a hole in the movement's ...
Each back and forth movement of the balance wheel from and back to its center position corresponds to a drop of one tooth (called a beat). A typical watch lever escapement beats at 18,000 or more beats per hour. Each beat gives the balance wheel an impulse, so there are two impulses per cycle.
All the parts of the watch were mounted between the two plates except the balance wheel, which was mounted on the outside of the back plate, held by a bracket called the balance cock. Three-quarter plate movement In the 18th century, to make movements thinner, part of the back plate was cut away to make room for the balance and balance cock.
In fact, the standard method of adjusting the rate of early verge watches was to alter the force of the mainspring. [38] The cause of this problem is that the crown wheel teeth are always pushing on the pallets, driving the pendulum or balance wheel throughout its cycle; the timekeeping element is never allowed to swing freely. [36]
Pallet fork with jewel pallets (pink) The pallet fork is above the balance wheel in this watch movement. The pallet fork is a component of the lever escapement of a mechanical watch. [1] The pallet fork and the lever form one component that sits between the escape wheel and the balance wheel. Its purpose is to lock the escape wheel, and release ...