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The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈ m ɪ ʃ n ə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, romanized: mišnā, lit. 'study by repetition', from the verb שנה šānā, "to study and review," also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
The Jerusalem Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, romanized: Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short) or Palestinian Talmud, [1] [2] also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, [3] [4] is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah.
Starting in the 20th century the topic of Jesus in Judaic literature became subject to more unbiased, scholarly research, such as Das Leben Jesu nach jüdischen Quellen (The Life of Jesus From Jewish Sources) written in 1902 by Samuel Krauss, which was the first scholarly analysis of the Judaic anti-Christian polemic Toledot Yeshu (The ...
Tannaim (Amoraic Hebrew: תנאים "repeaters", "teachers", singular tanna תנא, borrowed from Aramaic) [1] were the rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, [2] from approximately 10–220 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 210 years.
Midrash halakha is the name given to a group of tannaitic expositions on the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. [42] These midrashim, written in Mishnaic Hebrew, clearly distinguish between the Biblical texts that they discuss and the rabbinic interpretation of that text. They often go beyond simple interpretation and derive or support halakha.
Ancient Hebrew writings are texts written in Biblical Hebrew using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet before the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The earliest known precursor to Hebrew, an inscription in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet , is the Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscription (11th–10th century BCE), [ 1 ] if it can be considered Hebrew at that early ...
The first page (2a) of the Vilna daf edition Babylonian Megillah. Masechet Megillah of the Babylonian Talmud (Gemara) is a commentary of the Amoraim that analyzes and discusses the Mishnayot of the same tractate; however, it does not do so in order: the first chapter of each mirror each other, [7] [8] as do the second chapters, [9] [4] but the Gemara's third chapter reflects the fourth of the ...
Judah ha-Nasi (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא, Yəhūḏā hanNāsīʾ; Yehudah HaNasi or Judah the Prince or Judah the President) or Judah I, known simply as Rebbi or Rabbi, was a second-century rabbi (a tanna of the fifth generation) and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE.