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The vast majority of fins in the market are taken from sharks after their death." [46] Researchers dispute this claim by pointing to the data: using a statistical analysis of shark fin industry trade data, a 2006 study estimated that between 26 and 73 million sharks are harvested each year worldwide. [52]
Hong Kong is the world's largest fin trade market and accounts for about 1.5% of the total annual amount of fins traded. [46] It is estimated that around 375,000 great hammerhead sharks alone are traded per year which is equivalent to 21,000 metric tons of biomass. [46]
Hammerhead sharks are overfished all around the world for their fins and liver oil. As of 2020 an estimated 1.3 to 2.7 million fins are collected each year from smooth and scalloped hammerhead sharks for the shark-fin trade. [34] DNA barcoding can assist in the identification of scalloped hammerhead remains to aid conservation efforts. [35]
Based on an analysis of average shark weights, this translates into a total annual mortality estimate of about 100 million sharks in 2000, and about 97 million sharks in 2010, with a total range of possible values between 63 and 273 million sharks per year. [130] [131] Sharks are a common seafood in many places, including Japan and Australia.
Very few attacks are attributed to sandbar sharks. As a result, they are considered one of the safest sharks to swim with and are popular sharks for aquaria. However, on August 2, 2021, a 12-year-old girl was bitten on her leg by a sandbar shark in Ocean City, Maryland, United States. This was confirmed by Ocean City authorities on August 5, 2021.
Greenland sharks have also been found with remains of moose, polar bear, horse, and reindeer (in one case an entire reindeer body) in their stomachs. [13] [26] [22] The Greenland shark is known to be a scavenger and is attracted by the smell of rotting meat in the water. The sharks have frequently been observed gathering around fishing boats. [13]
In the laboratory, epaulette sharks have survived for an hour without any oxygen at 30 °C (86 °F), which is also unusual in that most animals capable of tolerating oxygen deprivation do so at low temperatures. [16] The physiological responses of the epaulette shark to low oxygen are mediated by the nucleoside adenosine.
In the 1990s, the sharks of the species from the same area averaged only 56.1 kg (124 lb). [11] The species is grey-bronze dorsally and white ventrally. [6] As its name suggests, most of its fins (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and caudal) have white tips. Along with white tips, the fins may be mottled, and young specimens can have black marks.