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The specification was written in 1996 in response to EU Council Directive 96/48/EC99 [5] of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system. . First the European Railway Research Institute was instructed to formulate the specification and about the same time the ERTMS User Group was formed from six railway operators that took over the lead role in the specificat
In 2002 the Union of Signalling Industry (UNISIG) published the SUBSET-026 defining the current implementation of ETCS signalling equipment together with GSM–R – this Class 1 SRS 2.2.2 (now called ETCS Baseline 2) was accepted by the European Commission in decision 2002/731/EEC as mandatory for high-speed rail and in decision 2004/50/EEC as ...
Its main components are the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the GSM-R communications system. [1] ETCS is a standard for track-train radio communications using balises (Eurobalises) and associated in-cab train control, [2] while GSM-R is the GSM mobile communications standard for railway operations. ERTMS can operate at different levels ...
A Eurobalise is a specific type of a balise installed between the rails of a railway. Eurobalises are part of the European train control system (ETCS). The balises are pre-programmed and contain information that is read by train antennas. One of their many functions is to allow a train to determine its location.
ETCS is the signalling protocol for the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). This system is commonly known to have three levels: Level 1 (an ATP system only); Level 2 (a virtual block system that can also be provided with Automatic Train Operation (ATO)); and Level 3 (similar to Level 2 but uses moving block and can do away with a ...
The ERA coordinates the development and management of the European railway system in conjunction with 28 National Safety Authorities (NSAs). This includes the NSAs of 25 out of 27 member states of the European Union (Malta has not operated railways since 1931; Cyprus not since 1951/1974), plus Norway, the United Kingdom, and the Channel Tunnel Intergovernmental Commission (IGC, including the ...