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The effective atomic number is important for predicting how photons interact with a substance, as certain types of photon interactions depend on the atomic number. The exact formula, as well as the exponent 2.94, can depend on the energy range being used.
In quantum chemistry, Slater's rules provide numerical values for the effective nuclear charge in a many-electron atom. Each electron is said to experience less than the actual nuclear charge , because of shielding or screening by the other electrons.
The effective nuclear charge on such an electron is given by the following equation: = where is the number of protons in the nucleus (atomic number) and; is the shielding constant. S can be found by the systematic application of various rule sets.
Effective atomic number, denoted by Z eff, may refer to: Effective nuclear charge of an individual atom, as felt by electrons within that atom;
As an approximation, we can estimate the effective nuclear charge on each electron by the following: Z e f f = Z − σ {\displaystyle Z_{\mathrm {eff} }=Z-\sigma \,} Where Z is the number of protons in the nucleus and σ {\displaystyle \sigma \,} is the average number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron in question.
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons , this is equal to the proton number ( n p ) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.
The Oddo–Harkins rule holds that an element with an even atomic number is more abundant than the elements with immediately adjacent atomic numbers. For example, carbon, with atomic number 6, is more abundant than boron (5) and nitrogen (7). Generally, the relative abundance of an even atomic numbered element is roughly two orders of magnitude ...
The order of sequence of atomic orbitals (according to Madelung rule or Klechkowski rule) can be remembered by the following. [2] Order in which orbitals are arranged by increasing energy according to the Madelung rule. Each diagonal red arrow corresponds to a different value of n + l.