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The term Commonwealth is sometimes used for the whole of 1649 to 1660 – called by some the Interregnum – although for other historians, the use of the term is limited to the years prior to Cromwell's formal assumption of power in 1653. In retrospect, the period of republican rule for England was a failure in the short term.
The English Civil War began (see timeline of the English Civil War). 1649: January: Trial and execution of Charles I: 1649: Interregnum began with the First Commonwealth. 1650 4 November William III, the future king of England (r. 1689-1702), is born to parents William II of Orange and Mary of England. 1653–1659
However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth with a republican government eventually led by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe. Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and History of the United Kingdom
The Protectorate, officially the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, was the English form of government lasting from 16 December 1653 to 25 May 1659, under which the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with their associated territories were joined together in the Commonwealth of England, governed by a Lord Protector.
An English textile industry was established in the 15th century, providing the basis for rapid English capital accumulation. The White Tower of the Tower of London , built in 1078 Henry I , the fourth son of William I the Conqueror , succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson faces accusations of triggering the biggest constitutional crisis in decades after he announced that parliament would be suspended for around a month shortly ...
The Commonwealth and Protectorate (1649–1660) refers to the kingless governments of England (including Wales and Cornwall), Scotland, Great Britain and Ireland during the Interregnum between the actual reigns of the Stuart King Charles I (1625–1649) and his son King Charles II (1660–1685).