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Christians have had diverse attitudes towards violence and nonviolence over time. Both currently and historically, there have been four attitudes towards violence and war and four resulting practices of them within Christianity: non-resistance, Christian pacifism, just war, and preventive war (Holy war, e.g., the Crusades). [1]
Christian holy war had a long history pre-dating the 11th century when papal reformers began equating the universal church with the papacy [clarification needed]. This resulted in the Peace and Truce of God movement supporting military defence of the church, clergy and its property.
The fourth-century theologian Augustine of Hippo had Christianised this, and it eventually became the paradigm of Christian holy war. Theologians widely accepted the justification that holy war against pagans was good, because of their opposition to Christianity. [215] The Holy Land was the patrimony of Christ; its recovery was on behalf of God.
But political tension between some Christians and Shiite Muslims was exacerbated by the country’s 15-year communal civil war that ended in 1990. “We cannot leave this place because our ...
In this way the church was able to combine the ideas of holy war and Christian pilgrimage to create the legal and theocratic justifications for the crusading movement. [26] The historian Carl Erdmann mapped out the three stages for the argument creating the institution of the crusading movement: Defending Christian unity was a just cause.
In 1113, they became consubstantial with the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre after their recognition by Pope Paschal II, as a military branch, Militi Sancti Sepulcri; after 1291, the Knighthood was awarded to prominent pilgrims by the Custos of the Holy Land. [9] Reorganised as Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre in 1496 by Pope ...
Commencing in 1332, the numerous Holy Leagues were a new manifestation of the Crusading movement in the form of temporary alliances between interested Christian powers. Successful campaigns included the capture of Smyrna in 1344, at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 and the recovery of some parts of the Balkans between 1684 and 1697.
Holy War and Human Bondage: Tales of Christian‐Muslim Slavery in the Early‐Modern Mediterranean is a 2009 non-fiction book by Robert Davis, published by Praeger.. It discusses intra-Christian slavery and slavery of Muslims by Christians.