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Parental care is a behavioural and evolutionary strategy adopted by some animals, involving a parental investment being made to the evolutionary fitness of offspring.
In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent or non-blood relations. Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent or surrogate with good parenting skills may be referred to as a good parent. [3]
Paternal care may be provided in concert with the mother (biparental care) or, more rarely, by the male alone (so called exclusive paternal care). The provision of care, by either males or females, is presumed to increase growth rates, quality, and/or survival of young, and hence ultimately increase the inclusive fitness of parents.
This potential negative effect of parental care was explicitly formalized by Trivers in 1972, who originally defined the term parental investment to mean "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving (and hence reproductive success) at the cost of the parent's ability to invest in ...
Alloparenting (or alloparental care) is a term for any form of parental care provided by an individual towards young that are not its own direct offspring. These are often called "non-descendant" young, [ 1 ] even though grandchildren can be among them. [ 2 ]
The co-parent relationship differs from an intimate relationship between adults in that it focuses solely on the child. [2] The equivalent term in evolutionary biology is bi-parental care, where parental investment is provided by both the mother and father. [3] [4] The original meaning of co-parenting was mostly related to nuclear families ...
Demonstration for parental leave in the European Parliament. Parental leave, or family leave, is an employee benefit available in almost all countries. [1] The term "parental leave" may include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave; or may be used distinctively from "maternity leave" and "paternity leave" to describe separate family leave available to either parent to care for their own ...
Parental care is a form of altruism, which means that the behaviors involved often require a sacrifice that could put their own survival at risk. [1] This encompasses behaviors that aid in the evolutionary success of the offspring and parental investment , which is a measure of expenditure (time, energy, etc.) exerted by the parent in an ...