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Leydig cell tumour, also Leydig cell tumor (US spelling), (testicular) interstitial cell tumour and (testicular) interstitial cell tumor (US spelling), is a member of the sex cord-stromal tumour group [2] of ovarian and testicular cancers. It arises from Leydig cells. While the tumour can occur at any age, it occurs most often in young adults.
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable. [5] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. [2] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%. [4] Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015. [6]
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [1] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the malignant end of the spectrum in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is also classified as a germ cell tumor and may arise in the testis or ovary.
It is the most common testicular cancer of non-germ cell origin. [13] Sonography may be used to identify cystic areas, but it is unable to tell benign tumours apart from malignant tumours. [13] Adrenomyeloneuropathy is another example of a disease affecting the Leydig cell. [14]
In the female, it has been found in the body of the uterus and the fallopian tube. [7] Most adenomatoid tumors do not cause much pain and can go unnoticed for a long time. Of course, there are a few exceptions to this absence of pain. An example of this is when adenomatoid tumors grow too close to testicular adnexal structures. [8]
Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour is a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor and is a member of the sex cord-stromal tumour group [2] of ovarian and testicular cancers. The tumour occurs in early adulthood (not seen in newborn), is rare, comprising less than 1% of testicular tumours. [ 1 ]
Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer. [ 2 ] The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging.
Regardless of location in the body, a teratoma is classified according to a cancer staging system. This indicates whether chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed in addition to surgery. Teratomas commonly are classified using the Gonzalez-Crussi [ 20 ] grading system: 0 or mature ( benign ); 1 or immature, probably benign; 2 or immature ...