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Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 55–1–1. Archived from the original on June 7, 2010 —— (2014). The U.S. Military Intervention in Panama: Operation Just Cause, December 1989 – January 1990. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 55–3–1.
In 1903, the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed between Panama and the United States. It created the Panama Canal Zone as a U.S. governed region, and allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal. In 1977, the Panama Canal Treaty (also called Torrijos–Carter Treaties) was signed by Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos ...
Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers; Beginning of the Cold War; Cuban invasion of Panama [2] (1959) Panama Cuba: Victory. Cuban expedition fails; Insurgency in Chiriquí (1968–1971) Panama: Pro-Arias Guerrillas: Victory. Guerrillas defeated; Nicaraguan Revolution (1978-1979) FSLN. EPS; MAP-ML. MILPAS Panama ...
The United States consul general reported that three-quarters of the Panamanians wanted independence from Colombia and would revolt if they could get arms and be sure of freedom from United States intervention. Panama was drawn into Colombia's Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) by rebellious radical Liberals who had taken refuge in Nicaragua ...
The U.S. staged invasions and incursions of US troops in 1903 (supporting a coup by Manuel Bonilla), 1907 (supporting Bonilla against a Nicaraguan-backed coup), 1911 and 1912 (defending the regime of Miguel R. Davila from an uprising), 1919 (peacekeeping during a civil war, and installing the caretaker government of Francisco Bográn), 1920 ...
1988: Panama: In mid-March and April 1988, during a period of instability in Panama and as the United States increased pressure on Panamanian head of state General Manuel Noriega to resign, the United States sent 1,000 troops to Panama, to "further safeguard the canal, U.S. lives, property and interests in the area." The forces supplemented ...
The Interests of Civilization: Reaction in the United States Against the Seizure of the Panama Canal Zone, 1903-1904 (Lund studies in international history, 1985). Harding, Robert C. (2006). The History of Panama. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33322-4. Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1906).
The US intent to influence the area, especially the Panama Canal's construction and control, led to the separation of Panama from Colombia in 1903 and its establishment as an independent state. The US had negotiated the Hay–Herrán Treaty with Colombia in early 1903 that would give it control of the canal and would include the purchase of the ...