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Since a parabolic antenna's cost and wind load increase with the physical aperture size, there may be a strong motivation to reduce these (while achieving a specified antenna gain) by maximizing the aperture efficiency. Aperture efficiencies of typical aperture antennas vary from 0.35 [citation needed] to well over 0.70.
When considering an antenna's directional pattern, gain with respect to a dipole does not imply a comparison of that antenna's gain in each direction to a dipole's gain in that direction. Rather, it is a comparison between the antenna's gain in each direction to the peak gain of the dipole (1.64). In any direction, therefore, such numbers are 2 ...
Aperture efficiency e A is a catchall variable which accounts for various losses that reduce the gain of the antenna from the maximum that could be achieved with the given aperture. The major factors reducing the aperture efficiency in parabolic antennas are: [ 13 ]
The earth station aperture should make a compromise between the space overhead (equivalent rent bandwidth) and ground overhead (antenna aperture) in order to make the system achieve optimum allocation. Achievable G/T with current VSAT antenna in C & Ku Bands (Elevation Angle E=35 Degree) Diameter G/T 3.8m 21.7 7.5m 25.3 11m 31.7
A directive antenna with moderate gain of about 8 dBi often used at UHF frequencies. Consists of a dipole mounted in front of two reflective metal screens joined at an angle, usually 90°. Used as a rooftop UHF television antenna and for point-to-point data links. Parabolic The most widely used high gain antenna at microwave frequencies and above.
An optimum horn does not yield maximum gain for a given aperture size. That is achieved with a very long horn (an aperture limited horn). The optimum horn yields maximum gain for a given horn length. Tables showing dimensions for optimum horns for various frequencies are given in microwave handbooks.
A e = (λ 2 G)/4π : the antenna effective aperture; P D is the power density in watts per unit area; P r is the power delivered into the load resistance presented by the receiver (normally 50 ohms) G: the antenna gain; is the magnetic constant; is the electric constant
High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully at the other antenna. An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant.