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A weak separation oracle for K is an oracle that, given a vector y in Q n and a rational number d>0, returns one of the following:: [1]: 51 Assert that y is d -near K ; Find a vector a in Q n , normalized such that its maximum element is 1, such that a ⋅ y + d ≥ a ⋅ x {\displaystyle a\cdot y+d\geq a\cdot x} for all x that are d -deep in K .
The most frequently used general-purpose implementation of an associative array is with a hash table: an array combined with a hash function that separates each key into a separate "bucket" of the array. The basic idea behind a hash table is that accessing an element of an array via its index is a simple, constant-time operation.
This prevents the comma in the actual field value (Bloggs, Fred; Doe, Jane; etc.) from being interpreted as a field separator. This necessitates a way to "escape" the field wrapper itself, in this case the double quote; it is customary to double the double quotes actually contained in a field as with those surrounding "Hank".
For this purpose, m - 1 keys from the current node, the new key inserted, one key from the parent node and j keys from the sibling node are seen as an ordered array of m + j + 1 keys. The array becomes split by half, so that ⌊ (m + j + 1)/2 ⌋ lowest keys stay in the current node, the next (middle) key is inserted in the parent and the rest ...
The NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [1] is a reference work maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.It defines a large number of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
The space efficient variant relies on using a single hash function that generates for each key a value in the range [, /] where is the requested false positive rate. The sequence of values is then sorted and compressed using Golomb coding (or some other compression technique) to occupy a space close to n log 2 ( 1 / ε ) {\displaystyle n ...
Compound variations exist to provide parameters to the block e.g., value:value: and valueWithArguments:. The literal representation of blocks was an innovation which on the one hand allowed certain code to be significantly more readable; it allowed algorithms involving iteration to be coded in a clear and concise way.