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Right hemicolectomy and left hemicolectomy refer to the resection of the ascending colon (right) and the descending colon (left), respectively. When middle colic vessels and transverse colon are also resected, it may be referred to as an extended hemicolectomy. [ 20 ]
Colonoscopy (/ ˌ k ɒ l ə ˈ n ɒ s k ə p i /) or coloscopy (/ k ə ˈ l ɒ s k ə p i /) [1] is a medical procedure involving the endoscopic examination of the large bowel (colon) and the distal portion of the small bowel.
For the procedure, the patient must lie on their side on the examining table. The physician inserts a short, flexible, lit tube into the rectum and slowly guides it into the colon. The tube is called a sigmoidoscope. The scope transmits an image of the inside of the rectum and colon, so the physician can carefully examine the lining of these ...
The Hartmann's procedure with a proximal end colostomy or ileostomy is the most common operation carried out by general surgeons for management of malignant obstruction of the distal colon. During this procedure, the lesion is removed, the distal bowel closed intraperitoneally, and the proximal bowel diverted with a stoma.
The colon is then mobilized from the retroperitoneum. Care is taken to avoid injury to the ureters and duodenum. The surgery then follows the same steps as small bowel resection. However, due to the colon's placement in the retroperitoneum, more dissection is often required to allow for tension free anastomosis. [5] [6]
Only the proximal stoma is functioning. Most often, double-barrel colostomy is a temporary colostomy with two openings into the colon (distal and proximal). The elimination occurs through the proximal stoma. Colostomy surgery that is planned usually has a higher rate of long-term success than surgery performed in an emergency situation.
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The descending colon extends from the left colic flexure [2]: 1194 at the upper left part of the abdomen inferior-ward through the left hypochondrium and lumbar regions, along the outer border of the left kidney, [citation needed] ending at the level of the iliac crest [2]: 1194 at the lower left part of the abdomen, [citation needed] being ...