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In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient [1] or wind velocity gradient, [2] or alternatively shear wind, [3] is the vertical component of the gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. [4] It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level.
The image shows the global distribution of wind speed and wave height as observed by NASA's TOPEX/Poseidon's dual-frequency radar altimeter from October 3 to October 12, 1992. Simultaneous observations of wind speed and wave height are helping scientists to predict ocean waves.
The extreme heat that Chicago is capable of experiencing during the height of the summer season can persist into the autumn season. Temperatures have reached 100 °F (38 °C) as late as September 7 (with 99 °F (37 °C) occurring as late as September 29), and temperatures have reached 90 °F (32 °C) as late as October 6, which occurred in 1963 ...
Roughness length is a parameter used in modeling the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In wind vertical profile such the log wind profile, the roughness length (with dimension of length and SI unit of metres) is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and ...
The equation to estimate the mean wind speed at height (meters) above the ground is: = [ + (,,)] where is the friction velocity (m s −1), is the Von Kármán constant (~0.41), is the zero plane displacement (in metres), is the surface roughness (in meters), and is a stability term where is the Obukhov length from Monin-Obukhov similarity theory.
Teslas have hit a new speed bump: the winter cold. ... Chicago’s wind gusts expose how Elon Musk failed to design a Tesla for when it gets too cold. Chloe Berger. January 17, 2024 at 12:13 PM ...
When the temperature profile is adiabatic, the wind speed should vary logarithmically with height. [19] Measurements over open terrain in 1961 showed good agreement with the logarithmic fit up to 100 m or so (within the surface layer), with near constant average wind speed up through 1000 m. [20]
Chicago’s financial forecast is clouded by a $982.4 million budget deficit, and Mayor Brandon Johnson's proposed $300 million property tax hike has stirred up a storm of discontent with council ...