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Trypanosoma brucei is a species of parasitic kinetoplastid belonging to the genus Trypanosoma that is present in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike other protozoan parasites that normally infect blood and tissue cells, it is exclusively extracellular and inhabits the blood plasma and body fluids. [ 1 ]
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei. [3] Humans are infected by two types, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TbG) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (TbR). [3] TbG causes over 92% of reported cases. [1]
Most patients with this variant of disease will die within six months of infection. [16] Cattle can also act as a reservoir in areas where disease incidence is lower. [13] Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the second type of protozoan which usually results in more chronic disease patterns. [15] Its main reservoir is the cattle populations.
T. brucei, which causes sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle; T. cruzi, which causes Chagas disease in humans; Trypanosoma culicavium, which infects birds and mosquitoes; T. congolense, which causes nagana in ruminant livestock, horses and a wide range of wildlife; T. equinum, in South American horses, transmitted via Tabanidae,
Another large group of vectors are flies. Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another ...
Trypanosoma brucei: brain and blood microscopic examination of chancre fluid, lymph node aspirates, blood, bone marrow 50,000 to 70,000 people; only found in Africa tsetse fly, day-biting fly of the genus Glossina: Chagas disease: Trypanosoma cruzi: colon, esophagus, heart, nerves, muscle and blood Giemsa stain – blood
African Sleeping Sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and is transmitted by the tsetse fly. It is diagnosed by a physical exam and blood test. African sleeping sickness causes interstitial inflammation, lethargy, brain swelling, and death within one to three years.
The species Trypanosoma brucei, which causes the disease, has often been subdivided into three subspecies that were identified based either on the vertebrate hosts which the strain could infect or on the virulence of the disease in humans. The trypanosomes infectious to animals and not to humans were named Trypanosoma brucei brucei.