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Treatment is typically with cognitive behavioral therapy. [3] The medication clomipramine may also be helpful, as will keeping fingernails clipped. [3] Trichotillomania is estimated to affect one to four percent of people. [2] [3] Trichotillomania most commonly begins in childhood or adolescence. [2] Women are affected about 10 times more often ...
Habit reversal training (HRT) is a "multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders". [1] Behavioral disorders treated with HRT include tics, trichotillomania, nail biting, thumb sucking, skin picking, temporomandibular disorder (TMJ), lip-cheek biting and stuttering.
Trichotillomania is the compulsion to pull out one's own hair; if an individual consumes it after ripping it out as well, it is known as trichophagia. Pica comes from the Latin word for "magpie" and involves the craving of non-food items such as cloth, wool, hair, or even small metallic objects.
Trichophagia is most closely associated with trichotillomania, the pulling out of one's own hair, and thus any symptoms of trichotillomania could be predictive of trichophagia and must be ruled out. Rarely, persons with trichophagia do not exclusively have trichotillomania and instead will eat the hair of others.
There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
In a study by Funderburk and colleagues (2009), school assessments were administered at 12 months and 18 months following PCIT. At 12 months, results indicated that children in the treatment group maintained their post-treatment improvements, improving within “normal range of conduct problems” compared to the control group.
Example of the sounds and motions a common housecat makes when it is coughing up a hairball. A 10 cm (3.9 in) cat hairball. A hairball is a small collection of hair or fur formed in the stomach of animals, and uncommonly in humans, that is occasionally vomited up when it becomes too big.
Children usually "grow out" of their elimination disorders by the time they reach their teens. If treatment is necessary, the most effective choice for enuresis is behavior modification, which involves a special pad that the child sleeps on at night. If the pad gets wet, an alarm goes off and the child is directed to go to the bathroom.