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Dobutamine is administered as a racemic mixture consisting of both (+) and (−) isomers; the (+) isomer is a potent β 1 agonist and α 1 antagonist, while the (−) isomer is an α 1 agonist. [9] The administration of the racemate results in the overall β 1 agonism responsible for its activity.
Specifically, dobutamine selectively binds to β1 receptors located on the surface of specialised cardiac muscle cells. [16] Relative to β2 receptors, β1 is the predominant type in terms of quantity and function within the heart.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isobutylamphetamine (DOIB or DOiBu) is a serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor agonist, serotonergic psychedelic, and anti-inflammatory drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families.
Butopamine (INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code name LY-131126), also known as (R,R)-ractopamine, is a sympathomimetic agent, β-adrenergic receptor agonist, and positive inotrope of the phenethylamine family which was studied for treatment of heart failure but was never marketed.
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Prenalterol, sold under the brand name Hyprenan, is a sympathomimetic agent and cardiac stimulant which acts as a β 1-adrenergic receptor partial agonist and is used in the treatment of heart failure.