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Venetian glass (Italian: vetro veneziano) is glassware made in Venice, typically on the island of Murano near the city. Traditionally it is made with a soda–lime "metal" and is typically elaborately decorated, with various "hot" glass-forming techniques, as well as gilding, enamel, or engraving. Production has been concentrated on the ...
Apsley Pellatt in his book Curiosities of Glass Making was the first to use the term "millefiori", which appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1849; prior to that, the beads were called mosaic beads. While the use of this technique long precedes the term "millefiori", it is now most frequently associated with Venetian glassware. [2] [3]
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni [a] (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, [b] [1] was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, [2] and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art.
Then the builders of the great Norman and Gothic cathedrals of Europe took the art of glass to new heights with the use of stained glass windows as a major architectural and decorative element. Glass from Murano, in the Venetian Lagoon, (also known as Venetian glass) is the result of hundreds of years of refinement and invention. Murano is ...
A very important advance in glass manufacture was the technique of adding lead oxide to the molten glass; this improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal as a furnace fuel. This technique also increased the "working period" of the glass, making it easier to manipulate.
Evidence of Michelangelo's painting style is seen in the Doni Tondo.His work on the image foreshadows his technique in the Sistine Chapel.. The Doni Tondo is believed to be the only existing panel picture Michelangelo painted without the aid of assistants; [7] and, unlike his Manchester Madonna and Entombment (both National Gallery, London), the attribution to him has never been questioned.
Michelangelo painted these as decorative courses that look like sculpted stone mouldings. [ j ] These have two repeating motifs: [ k ] the acorn and the scallop shell. The acorn is the symbol of the family of both Pope Sixtus IV, who built the chapel, and Julius II, who commissioned Michelangelo's work.
Vitreography (printing technique) – use of a 3⁄8-inch-thick (9.5 mm) float glass matrix instead of the traditional matrices of metal, wood or stone. Vitrigraph pulling – pulling molten glass strings from a wall mounted kiln—called a vitrigraph kiln— usually into shapes such as spirals.