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To relate radar timing to distances traveled by radar energy, the speed is used to calculate it. With speed of radar waves at approximately the speed of light in vacuum or 299,792,458 metres per second (300 m/μs; 984 ft/μs) and nautical mile at 1,852 metres (6,076 ft), the delay per nautical mile until the wave return is calculated as:
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. [1] An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source. The factors that influence this include: [1] the material with which the target is made;
At any range, with similar azimuth and elevation angles and as viewed by a radar with an unmodulated pulse, the range resolution is approximately equal in distance to half of the pulse duration times the speed of light (approximately 300 meters per microsecond). Radar echoes, showing a representation of the carrier
Below 3 MHz, the whole volume of the air acts as a waveguide to fill in the radar shadow and also reduces radar sensitivity above the duct zone. Ducting fills in the shadow zone, extends the distance of the clutter zone, and can create reflections for low PRF radar that are beyond the instrumented range.
This project used a communication stack based on the reference architecture of the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium, using IEEE 802.11a hardware at the physical layer. The Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (GCDC) [ 2 ] in 2011 was an international challenge for teams from universities and industry to participate with a vehicle which could ...
The radar measures the distance to the reflector by measuring the time of the round trip from emission of a pulse to reception, dividing this by two, and then multiplying by the speed of light. To be accepted, the received pulse has to lie within a period of time called the range gate .
The size of the capture volume is approximately the distance the fastest vehicle can travel between successive scans of that same volume of space. Sensors (radar) scan a volume of space periodically. As an example, a capture distance of 10 miles require periodic scans no more than 15 seconds apart in order to detect vehicles traveling at mach 3.