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Some species of cold-blooded animals change color swiftly to camouflage themselves. [49] These responses are triggered by the sympathetic nervous system , but, in order to fit the model of fight or flight, the idea of flight must be broadened to include escaping capture either in a physical or sensory way.
Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life circumstances. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. [ 1 ]
Real or perceived threat in the environment elicits stress response in animals, which disrupts internal homeostasis. [2] Physiological changes cause behavioural responses in animals, including: impairment of response inhibition and lack of motivation, [3] as well as changes in social, sexual, [4] [5] aggression [6] and nurture [7] [8] behaviour ...
Epinephrine causes physiological changes in the body, such as constriction of blood vessels, dilation of pupils, increased heart and respiratory rate, and the metabolism of glucose. All of these responses to a single stimuli aid in protecting the individual, whether the decision is made to stay and fight, or run away and avoid danger.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 March 2025. Physiological and psychological changes in preparation for sexual intercourse "Turn-on" redirects here. For other uses, see Turn On. Sexual arousal (also known as sexual excitement) describes the physiological and psychological responses in preparation for sexual intercourse or when exposed ...
A Galapagos shark hooked by a fishing boat. Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. [1] " Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."
Evolutionary physiology is the study of the biological evolution of physiological structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional characteristics of organisms have responded to natural selection or sexual selection or changed by random genetic drift across multiple generations during the history of a population or species. [2]
[28] [29] [30] Moreover, chronic, but not acute, treatment with antidepressant drugs was found to attenuate sickness behavior symptoms in rodents. [31] The mood effects caused by interleukin-6 following an immune response have been linked to increased activity within the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex , [ 32 ] an area involved in the ...