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Breeding in domestic animals is primarily assortative breeding (see selective breeding). Without the sorting of individuals by trait, a breed could not be established, nor could poor genetic material be removed. Homozygosity is the case where similar or identical alleles combine to express a trait that is not otherwise expressed (recessiveness ...
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
Braunvieh, a dairy breed [1] with high milk production and little milk fat. A breed is a specific group of breedable domestic animals having homogeneous appearance (), homogeneous behavior, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species.
For diseases where there is no effective cure, such as Zika virus, West Nile fever and Dengue fever, vector control remains the only way to protect human populations. [citation needed] However, even for vector-borne diseases with effective treatments the high cost of treatment remains a huge barrier to large amounts of developing world populations.
[19] [20] Indeed, inbreeding "increases the speed of selection of beneficial recessive and co-dominant alleles, e.g. those that protect against diseases." [21] In general mating between humans who have an equivalent relatedness closer to that of third cousins results in reduced fitness in the children. By contrast outbreeding in humans at worst ...
According to Gordon G. Gallup, as a form of adapting to multiple mating in females, human penile shape is indicative of an evolutionary history of polyandry. Male humans evolved to have a wedge- or spoon-shaped glans and to perform repeated thrusting motions during copulation in order to draw foreign semen back away from the cervix and thus to ...
In humans (and mammals in general), biological sex is determined by genetics; however this is not the case for all animals, for instance, the biological sex of some reptiles is environmentally determined, and the sex of some worms is dependent on location.
A graphical representation of the typical human karyotype.. Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It ranges widely, from the number of species to differences within species, and can be correlated to the span of survival for a species. [1]