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GMP synthase is the second step in the generation of GMP from IMP; the first step occurs when IMP dehydrogenase generates XMP, and then GMP synthetase is able to react with glutamine and ATP to generate GMP. IMP may also be generated into AMP by adenylosuccinate synthetase and then adenylosuccinate lyase. [7]
The enzyme is an allosteric enzyme, so it can be converted from IMP, GMP and AMP in high concentration binds the enzyme to exerts inhibition while PRPP is in large amount binds to the enzyme which causes activation. So IMP, GMP and AMP are inhibitors while PRPP is an activator.
AMP differs from inosinate by the replacement of IMP's carbon-6 carbonyl with an amino group. The interconversion of AMP and IMP occurs as part of the purine nucleotide cycle. [3] GMP is formed by the inosinate oxidation to xanthylate (XMP), and afterwards adds an amino group on carbon 2.
AMP → IMP → Inosine → Hypoxanthine → Xanthine → Uric acid Hyperammonemia is also seen post-exercise in McArdle disease (GSD-V) and phosphoglucomutase deficiency (PGM1-CDG, formerly GSD-XIV), due to the purine nucleotide cycle running when the ATP reservoir is low due to the glycolytic block.
Xanthosine monophosphate (xanthylate) is an intermediate in purine metabolism. [1] It is a ribonucleoside monophosphate.It is formed from IMP via the action of IMP dehydrogenase, and it forms GMP via the action of GMP synthase.
The gua operon is responsible for regulating the synthesis of guanosine mono phosphate (GMP), a purine nucleotide, from inosine monophosphate (IMP or inosinate). It consists of two structural genes guaB (encodes for IMP dehydrogenase or and guaA (encodes for GMP synthetase) apart from the promoter and operator region.
471 108147 Ensembl ENSG00000138363 ENSMUSG00000026192 UniProt P31939 Q9CWJ9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004044 NM_026195 RefSeq (protein) NP_004035 NP_080471 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 215.31 – 215.35 Mb Chr 1: 71.6 – 71.62 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATIC gene. ATIC encodes an enzyme ...
Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a purine biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +)-dependent oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step towards the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides from IMP.