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For each "easy word", defined as words with 2 syllables or less, add 1 point. For each "hard word", defined as words with 3 syllables or more, add 3 points. Divide the points by the number of sentences in the 100-word sample. Adjust the provisional result r: If r > 20, Lw = r / 2. If r ≤ 20, Lw = r / 2 - 1.
A sample test using an automated Gunning Fog calculator on a random footnote from the text (#51: Dion, vol. I. lxxix. p. 1363. Herodian, l. v. p. 189.) [9] gave an index of 19.2 using only the sentence count, and an index of 12.5 when including independent clauses. This brought down the fog index from post-graduate to high school level.
A rendition of the Fry graph. The Fry readability formula (or Fry readability graph) is a readability metric for English texts, developed by Edward Fry. [1]The grade reading level (or reading difficulty level) is calculated by the average number of sentences (y-axis) and syllables (x-axis) per hundred words.
In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other.
scores 37.5 as it has 24 syllables and 13 words. While Amazon calculates the text of Moby-Dick as 57.9, [8] one particularly long sentence about sharks in chapter 64 has a readability score of −146.77. [9] One sentence in the beginning of Scott Moncrieff's English translation of Swann's Way, by Marcel Proust, has a score of −515.1. [10]
The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.
In 1985, Halliday revised the denominator of the Ure formula and proposed the following to compute the lexical density of a sentence: [1] L d = The number of lexical items / The total number of clauses * 100 . In some formulations, the Halliday proposed lexical density is computed as a simple ratio, without the "100" multiplier. [2] [1]
Therefore, sentence completion technique, with such advantage, promotes the respondents to disclose their concealed feelings. [1] Notwithstanding, there is debate over whether or not sentence completion tests elicit responses from conscious thought rather than unconscious states.