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Leprosy symptoms may begin within one year, but for some people symptoms may take 20 years or more to occur. [4] Leprosy is spread between people, although extensive contact is necessary. [3] [8] Leprosy has a low pathogenicity, and 95% of people who contract or who are exposed to M. leprae do not develop the disease. [9]
Some people develop symptoms similar to the flu, such as a fever, headache, chills, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain. Some people also develop a distinctive "bullseye" rash, as described above.
Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe (bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). [5]
[6] [12] Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease. [10] Other animals are not involved. [8] Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms. [7] Occasionally, a throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus. [7] Most people with hand, foot, and mouth disease get better on their own in 7 to 10 days. [8]
Mycobacterium leprae has a narrow host range and apart from humans the only other hosts are nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels, [5] and armadillos have been implicated as a source of zoonotic leprosy in humans. [13] In the laboratory, mice can be infected and this is a useful animal model. [14]
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is warning that cases of leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, are surging in Florida and should be considered when making travel plans.
Central Florida now accounts for one-fifth of all leprosy cases in the United States
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. [4] It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sand fly. There are about thirty species of Leishmania that may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis.