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Sporophytes are raised on stalks to facilitate spore dispersal, but unlike other mosses, Sphagnum stalks are produced by the maternal gametophyte. Tetrahedral haploid spores are produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, which are then dispersed when the capsule explosively discharges its cap, called an operculum , and shoots the spores some distance.
Mature spore capsules on Sphagnum fimbriatum, showing the species' prolific spore production Sphagnum fimbriatum is monoecious , with male and female structures on the same plant. [ 7 ] The reproductive cycle in temperate regions follows seasonal patterns: it begins in late summer with the development of male reproductive structures (antheridia ...
Compared to other Sphagnum species, Sphagnum squarrosum retains fewer spores within its capsules after dispersal, resulting in greater spore release and wider distribution. [ 9 ] Research on island colonization reveals that S. squarrosum is an effective long-distance disperser, successfully establishing populations as far as 40 km (25 mi) from ...
Moss peat is made from Sphagnum. Commercial. Peat is a fuel produced from dried bryophytes, typically Sphagnum. Bryophytes' antibiotic properties and ability to retain water make them a useful packaging material for vegetables, flowers, and bulbs. [49] Also, because of its antibiotic properties, Sphagnum was used as a surgical dressing in World ...
In leptosporangiate ferns, the annulus located on the outer rim of the sporangium and serves in spore dispersal. It consists typically of a ring or belt of dead water-filled cells with differentially thickened cell walls that stretches about two-thirds around each sporangium in leptosporangiate ferns. The thinner walls on the outside allow ...
By contrast in exosporous plants, including modern ferns, the gametophytes break the spore wall open on germination and develop outside it. The megagametophytes of endosporic plants such as the seed ferns developed within the sporangia of the parent sporophyte, producing a miniature multicellular female gametophyte complete with female sex ...
In mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once. Most mosses produce a capsule with a lid (the operculum) which falls off when the spores inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed.
5 Spore dispersal. 6 Genera. 7 Phylogenetics. 8 Further reading. 9 Footnotes. ... and the reproductive stage for the establishment of spore-producing structures, ...