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In healthy young men, levonorgestrel alone at a dose of 120 to 240 μg/day orally for 2 weeks suppressed testosterone levels from ~450 ng/dL to ~248 ng/dL (–45%). [59] Because of its effects on testosterone levels, and due to its androgenic activity being only weak and hence insufficient for purposes of androgen replacement in males ...
Side effects include irregular periods, benign ovarian cysts, pelvic pain, and depression. [2] Rarely uterine perforation may occur. [2] Use is not recommended during pregnancy but is safe with breastfeeding. [2] The IUD with progestogen is a type of long-acting reversible birth control. [5]
A positive characteristic of IUDs is that fertility and the ability to become pregnant returns quickly once the IUD is removed. [13] Because of their systemic nature, hormonal methods have the largest number of possible side effects. [14] Combined hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin hormones. [15]
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) LARC is a class of birth control used by about 10% of women who use contraception. This category includes intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the implant.
An IUS/IUD must be inserted by a health professional. The copper IUD does not contain hormones. While a copper-containing IUD may be used as emergency contraception, the IUS has not been studied for this purpose. Depo-Provera is an injection that provides three months of contraceptive protection. Noristerat is another injection; it is given ...
Different sources note different incidence of side effects. The most common side effect is breakthrough bleeding. Combined oral contraceptive pills can improve conditions such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and acne, [105] reduce symptoms of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, and decrease the risk of anemia. [106]
[1] [47] At high doses, due to their antigonadotropic effects, progestogens can cause low sex hormone levels and associated side effects like diminished secondary sexual characteristics, sexual dysfunction (e.g., reduced sex drive and erectile dysfunction), reversible infertility, reduced bone mineral density, and an increased risk of bone ...
Although a phase II trial for an injectable male contraceptive was halted in 2011 by an independent data safety monitoring board due likely to rare adverse effects experienced by some participants, [197] [67] leading many popular articles to suggest men could not tolerate side effects similar to those that many women endure on hormonal birth ...