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In Ancient Rome the month of March was the traditional start of the campaign season, and the Tubilustrium was a ceremony to make the army fit for war. [1] The ceremony involved sacred trumpets called tubae. Cornu Aalen. Johannes Quasten, however, argues that the common term for war trumpets being tubae is not the same as the tubi form here.
The Roman tuba (plural: tubae), or trumpet [1] [2] was a military signal instrument used by the ancient Roman military and in religious rituals. [3] [4] [5] They would signal troop movements such as retreating, [6] attacking, or charging, [7] [8] as well as when guards should mount, sleep, [9] or change posts.
The būq al-nafīr ("buc[cina] of war") was a long straight metal trumpet used in the military bands of the Abbasid period (750–1258) and thereafter; by the 14th century it could be as much as 2 metres (7 ft) long. From the 11th century, this term was used to denote any long straight trumpet.
From the end of the 10th through the 13th centuries, chroniclers of the Crusades used the word lituus vaguely—along with the Classical Latin names for other Roman military Trumpets and horns, such as the tuba, cornu, and buccina and the more up-to-date French term trompe—to describe various instruments employed in the Christian armies ...
Art from the Arch of Titus showing the Chazozra trumpets, carried away by Roman soldiers. Relief of the Arch of Titus, on the right two chazozras. Chazozra , also hazozra , hasosrah , hasoserah , plural chazozrot , hasoserot was a natural trumpet used in religious rituals by the Israelites , made of bronze, silver or silver alloys.
These celtic trumpets are dissimilar to Roman trumpets that are not described as having a "monster headed extremity". [12] The Celtic or Gaulic carnyx was used by the Celts in a similar way to how a standard functioned for the Romans and there is an example of a Dragon-headed carnyx in the base of Trajan's Column . [ 13 ]
A fanfare trumpet, also called a herald trumpet, is a brass instrument similar to but longer than a regular trumpet (tubing is the same length as a regular Bb trumpet but not wrapped), capable of playing specially composed fanfares. Its extra length can also accommodate a small ceremonial banner that can be mounted on it.
Among ancient war drums that can be mentioned, junjung was used by the Serer people in West Africa.The Rigveda describes the war drum as the fist of Indra. [1]In early medieval Europe, the Byzantine Empire made use of military drums to indicate marching and rowing cadence, [2] as well as a psychological weapon on the battlefield since the End of Antiquity. [3]