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John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858 [1]) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology and early germ theory, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump.
2003 – First vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever. [17] 2006 – First vaccine for human papillomavirus (which is a cause of cervical cancer) 2006 – First herpes zoster vaccine for shingles; 2011 – First vaccine for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (comprises 85% of lung cancer cases) 2012 – First vaccine for hepatitis E [18]
The first cholera vaccines were developed in the late 19th century. There were several pioneers in the development of the vaccine: The first known attempt at a cholera vaccine was made by Louis Pasteur and it was aimed at preventing cholera in chickens. [29] This was the first widely used vaccine that was made in a laboratory. [16]
After his diligent investigation into the 1854 cholera outbreak, John Snow became a member of the London Epidemiological Society. [40] Snow published a second edition of his prior book On the Mode of Communication of Cholera in 1855. Snow did not live to see the establishment of the germ theory of disease in the late 1800s.
In 1849, a second major outbreak occurred in France. In London, it was the worst outbreak in the city's history, claiming 14,137 lives, over twice as many as the 1832 outbreak. Cholera hit Ireland in 1849 and killed many of the Irish Famine survivors, already weakened by starvation and fever. [28]
The study of cholera in England by John Snow between 1849 and 1854 led ... bivalent cholera vaccines ... and medical history. Cholera pandemics in the 19th and ...
The Broad Street cholera outbreak (or Golden Square outbreak) was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) in Soho, London, England, during the worldwide 1846–1860 cholera pandemic.
1879 – First vaccine for cholera. 1881 – Louis Pasteur develops an anthrax vaccine. 1882 – Louis Pasteur develops a rabies vaccine. 1887 – Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) [100] [101] 1890 – Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.