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The main conjecture of Iwasawa theory was formulated as an assertion that two methods of defining p-adic L-functions (by module theory, by interpolation) should coincide, as far as that was well-defined. This was proved by Mazur & Wiles (1984) for Q, and for all totally real number fields by Wiles (1990).
In algebraic number theory, a quadratic field is an algebraic number field of degree two over , the rational numbers. Every such quadratic field is some Q ( d ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} ({\sqrt {d}})} where d {\displaystyle d} is a (uniquely defined) square-free integer different from 0 {\displaystyle 0} and 1 {\displaystyle 1} .
In number theory, Iwasawa theory is the study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields.It began as a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, initiated by Kenkichi Iwasawa () (岩澤 健吉), as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields.
For given low class number (such as 1, 2, and 3), Gauss gives lists of imaginary quadratic fields with the given class number and believes them to be complete. Infinitely many real quadratic fields with class number one Gauss conjectures that there are infinitely many real quadratic fields with class number one.
In algebraic number theory, a number field is called totally imaginary (or totally complex) if it cannot be embedded in the real numbers. Specific examples include imaginary quadratic fields, cyclotomic fields, and, more generally, CM fields. Any number field that is Galois over the rationals must be either totally real or totally imaginary.
Simultaneously generalizing the case of imaginary quadratic fields and cyclotomic fields is the case of a CM field K, i.e. a totally imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real field. In 1974, Harold Stark conjectured that there are finitely many CM fields of class number 1. [12] He showed that there are finitely many of a fixed degree.
The simplest, and motivating, example of a CM-field is an imaginary quadratic field, for which the totally real subfield is just the field of rationals. One of the most important examples of a CM-field is the cyclotomic field Q ( ζ n ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} (\zeta _{n})} , which is generated by a primitive nth root of unity .
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