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  2. List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and subatomic ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_elements...

    Netherite Minecraft: An ancient fireproof alloy made from gold and netherite scraps, which are smelted from ancient debris found in the Nether dimension. When combined with diamond equipment, the metal creates the game's strongest weapons, tools and armour. [53] [54] Nth Metal DC Comics: A Thanagarian alloy used by Hawkman and Hawkwoman. [55]

  3. Hierarchy of precious substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_precious...

    The measurement of sales of popular music starts high relative to the wedding anniversary scale, concentrating on gold and platinum (see gold album).Likewise, credit card companies usually have a "gold card" and a "platinum card" (many formerly had a "silver card" then followed by a "gold card", but due to similarity in appearance between silver and platinum these were often discontinued with ...

  4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Fracture filling has been in use with different gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. In 2006 "glass-filled rubies" received publicity. Rubies over 10 carats (2 g) with large fractures were filled with lead glass, thus dramatically improving the appearance (of larger rubies in particular). Such treatments are fairly easy to detect.

  5. Material properties of diamond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_properties_of_diamond

    Diamond is extremely strong owing to its crystal structure, known as diamond cubic, in which each carbon atom has four neighbors covalently bonded to it. Bulk cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is nearly as hard as diamond. Diamond reacts with some materials, such as steel, and c-BN wears less when cutting or abrading such material. [4]

  6. Rhinestone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinestone

    Historic rhinestone copy of the Florentine Diamond, made in 1865 in Paris by the L. Saemann company [1] Rhinestones on a tiara Rowenta enamel rhinestone compact. A rhinestone, paste or diamante is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic.

  7. Gemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemology

    Any single test is nearly always only indicative. For example: The specific gravity of ruby is 4.00, glass is 3.15–4.20, and cubic zirconia is 5.6–5.9 . So one can easily tell the difference between cubic zirconia and the other two; however, there is overlap between ruby and glass. As with all naturally occurring materials, no two gems are ...

  8. Crystallite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallite

    The orientation of crystallites can be random with no preferred direction, called random texture, or directed, possibly due to growth and processing conditions.While the structure of a single crystal is highly ordered and its lattice is continuous and unbroken, amorphous materials, such as glass and many polymers, are non-crystalline and do not display any structures, as their constituents are ...

  9. Cleavage (crystal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)

    A diamond cutter apprentice cleaving a diamond prior to cutting it, using a steel wedge-like blade and a small club, supervised by a senior cutter in the Netherlands 1946. Cleavage is a physical property traditionally used in mineral identification, both in hand-sized specimen and microscopic examination of rock and mineral studies.