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  2. Time delay and integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Delay_and_Integration

    It is perhaps the easiest to understand TDI devices by contrast with more well-known types of CCD sensors. The best known is the staring array one. In it, there are hundreds or thousands of adjacent rows of specially engineered semiconductor that react to light by accumulating charge, and slightly separated in depth from it by insulation, a tightly spaced array of gate electrodes, whose ...

  3. Motion detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detector

    A motion detector attached to an outdoor, automatic light. A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motion (motion detection).Such a device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area.

  4. Averted vision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averted_vision

    Averted vision works because there are virtually no rods (cells which detect dim light in black and white) in the fovea: a small area in the center of the eye. The fovea contains primarily cone cells, which serve as bright light and color detectors and are not as useful during the night. This situation results in a decrease in visual ...

  5. Exposure (photography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)

    Exposure is a combination of the length of time and the illuminance at the photosensitive material. Exposure time is controlled in a camera by shutter speed, and the illuminance depends on the lens aperture and the scene luminance. Slower shutter speeds (exposing the medium for a longer period of time), greater lens apertures (admitting more ...

  6. Flat-field correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-field_correction

    In many detectors this can also be a function of time, for example in astronomical telescopes it is common to take a dark-frame of the same time as the planned light exposure. The gain and dark-frame for optical systems can also be established by using a series of neutral density filters to give input/output signal information and applying a ...

  7. Dark current (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_current_(physics)

    In physics and in electronic engineering, dark current is the relatively small electric current that flows through photosensitive devices such as a photomultiplier tube, photodiode, or charge-coupled device even when no photons enter the device; it consists of the charges generated in the detector when no outside radiation is entering the detector.

  8. Time-of-flight camera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight_camera

    Time of flight of a light pulse reflecting off a target. A time-of-flight camera (ToF camera), also known as time-of-flight sensor (ToF sensor), is a range imaging camera system for measuring distances between the camera and the subject for each point of the image based on time-of-flight, the round trip time of an artificial light signal, as provided by a laser or an LED.

  9. Homodyne detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homodyne_detection

    Optical homodyne detection. In electrical engineering, homodyne detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase and/or frequency of an oscillating signal, by comparing that signal with a standard oscillation that would be identical to the signal if it carried null information.