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CDD is a rare condition although >1,000 cases have been reported worldwide; 80-90% of the cases are female [4] While originally classified as an atypical variant of Rett syndrome, CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is an independent disorder and results from a pathogenic variant in a different gene (CDKL5 in CDD; MECP2 in Rett).
Most rare diseases are genetic in origin and thus are present throughout the person's entire life, even if symptoms do not immediately appear. Many rare diseases appear early in life, and about 30% of children with rare diseases will die before reaching their fifth birthdays. [1]
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
Most genetic disorders are rare in themselves. [5] [8] Genetic disorders are present before birth, and some genetic disorders produce birth defects, but birth defects can also be developmental rather than hereditary. The opposite of a hereditary disease is an acquired disease.
Child psychopathology refers to the scientific study of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Oppositional defiant disorder , attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , and autism spectrum disorder are examples of psychopathology that are typically first diagnosed during childhood. [ 1 ]
CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association) is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.First described in 1979, the acronym "CHARGE" came into use for newborn children with the congenital features of coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, restricted growth or development, genital or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness. [1]
Jordan's syndrome (JS) or PPP2R5D-related intellectual disability is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by de novo mutations in the PPP2R5D gene. [2] Children with JS may also have epilepsy or meet criteria for diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder. [3]
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder that may present with mildly unusual facial features, short height, congenital heart disease, bleeding problems, and skeletal malformations. [1] Facial features include widely spaced eyes , light-colored eyes, low-set ears , a short neck, and a small lower jaw . [ 1 ]