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The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase, also abbreviated PhoA) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found ...
The plate count method relies on bacteria growing a colony on a nutrient medium so that the colony becomes visible to the naked eye and the number of colonies on a plate can be counted. To be effective, the dilution of the original sample must be arranged so that on average between 30 and 300 colonies of the target bacterium are grown.
In human serum, the bone ALP (BALP) and liver ALP isoforms are the most abundant TNAP isoforms, in approximately a 1:1 ratio, comprising more than 90% of the total ALP activity. The remaining circulating ALP activity, 1–10%, is attributed mostly to intestinal ALP (IALP). Several different analytical methods for separation and quantification ...
The aim of bioburden testing is to measure the total number of viable micro-organisms (total microbial count) on a medical device prior to its final sterilization before implantation or use. [ 2 ] 21 C.F.R. 211.110 (a)(6) states that bioburden in-process testing must be conducted pursuant to written procedures during the manufacturing process ...
Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Total Quality Management (1990-02-15), Total Quality Management Guide: A Two Volume Guide for Defense Organizations, vol. 2—A Guide to Implementation, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense, OCLC 834271878, ADA230439, archived from the original on December 11, 2013
Because of the complex inter-relationship between analytical method, sample concentration, limits of detection and method precision, the management of Analytical Quality Control is undertaken using a statistical approach to determine whether the results obtained lie within an acceptable statistical envelope.
Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the reference range. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in a basic environment. The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [1]
Methods for quantifying bacteria, changes in animal housing practices and sanitation, and many other factors may have changed the prevalence of Salmonella since that time. Also, such an approach often ignores the complicated fate and transport processes that determine bacteria concentrations from the source to the point of exposure.