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The inverse of the Ackermann function appears in some time complexity results. For instance, the disjoint-set data structure takes amortized time per operation proportional to the inverse Ackermann function, [24] and cannot be made faster within the cell-probe model of computational complexity. [25]
For a sequence of m addition, union, or find operations on a disjoint-set forest with n nodes, the total time required is O(mα(n)), where α(n) is the extremely slow-growing inverse Ackermann function. Although disjoint-set forests do not guarantee this time per operation, each operation rebalances the structure (via tree compression) so that ...
The parameters of the hyperoperation hierarchy are sometimes referred to by their analogous exponentiation term; [15] so a is the base, b is the exponent (or hyperexponent), [12] and n is the rank (or grade), [6] and moreover, (,) is read as "the bth n-ation of a", e.g. (,) is read as "the 9th tetration of 7", and (,) is read as "the 789th 123 ...
Kruskal's algorithm [1] finds a minimum spanning forest of an undirected edge-weighted graph.If the graph is connected, it finds a minimum spanning tree.It is a greedy algorithm that in each step adds to the forest the lowest-weight edge that will not form a cycle. [2]
In computer science, Tarjan's off-line lowest common ancestors algorithm is an algorithm for computing lowest common ancestors for pairs of nodes in a tree, based on the union-find data structure.
A class hierarchy in an object-oriented language can be thought of as a tree, with different types of object inheriting from their parents. If different classes need to be combined, such as in a comparison (like A < B ) then the number of possible combinations which may occur explodes.
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For example, the first cannot be hereditarily finite since it contains at least one infinite set as an element, when = {,,, …}. The class of all hereditarily finite sets is denoted by H ℵ 0 {\displaystyle H_{\aleph _{0}}} , meaning that the cardinality of each member is smaller than ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} .