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Islamic modernism is an offshoot of the Salafi movement that tried to integrate modernism into Islam by being partially influenced by modern-day attempts to revive the ideas of the Muʿtazila school by Islamic scholars such as Muhammad Abduh.
[1] [2] It was founded by the Muslim scholar, jurist, and traditionist al-Shafi'i (c. 767–820 CE), "the father of Muslim jurisprudence", [3] in the early 9th century. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 3 ] The other three schools of Sunnī jurisprudence are Ḥanafī , Mālikī and Ḥanbalī .
Modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents. Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World.
The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuks. Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology.
Allamah, Islamic honorary title for a scholar; Mullah, Muslim clergy or mosque leader; List of da'is; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Turkish philosophers and scientists; Islamic philosophy. Early Islamic philosophy; Islamic advice literature; Lists of maraji; List of ...
Historians and other scholars also employ the term to refer to historical learning institutions throughout the Muslim world, which is to say a college where Islamic law was taught along with other secondary subjects, but not to secular science schools, modern or historical. These institutions were typically housed in specially designed ...
Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (1879-1973) Tunisian Islamic scholar and qadi; René Guénon (1888–1951), French metaphysician and scholar of the Traditionalist school; Rodolfo Gil Benumeya (1901–1975), Spanish Arabist and historian of Al-Andalus; Abdalqadir as-Sufi (1930–2021), Scottish shaykh and founder of the Murabitun World Movement
Ashʿarīyyah is a school of theology that was founded by the Arab Muslim scholar, reformer, and scholastic theologian Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī (874–936), who developed the school of thought founded by Ibn Kullab a century earlier.