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A higher volatility stock, with the same expected return of 7% but with annual volatility of 20%, would indicate returns from approximately negative 33% to positive 47% most of the time (19 times out of 20, or 95%). These estimates assume a normal distribution; in reality stock price movements are found to be leptokurtotic (fat-tailed).
Column 7: Impact of volatility – This is the PnL due to changes in volatilities. Volatilities are used to value option (finance) (i.e., calls and puts) Column 8: Impact of new trades – PnL from trades done on the current day; Column 9: Impact of cancellation / amendment – PnL from trades cancelled or changed on the current day
The volatilities in the market for 90 days are 18% and for 180 days 16.6%. In our notation we have , = 18% and , = 16.6% (treating a year as 360 days). We want to find the forward volatility for the period starting with day 91 and ending with day 180.
US mutual funds are to compute average annual total return as prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in instructions to form N-1A (the fund prospectus) as the average annual compounded rates of return for 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year periods (or inception of the fund if shorter) as the "average annual total return" for ...
The ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. An asset is considered current if it can be converted into cash within a year or less, while current liabilities are ...
The realized volatility is the square root of the realized variance, or the square root of the RV multiplied by a suitable constant to bring the measure of volatility to an annualized scale. For instance, if the RV is computed as the sum of squared daily returns for some month, then an annualized realized volatility is given by 252 × R V ...
Earnings at risk (EaR) and the related cash flow at risk (CFaR) [1] [2] [3] are measures reflecting the potential impact of market risk on the income statement and cash flow statement respectively, and hence the risk to the institution's return on assets and, ultimately, return on equity.
Starting from a constant volatility approach, assume that the derivative's underlying asset price follows a standard model for geometric Brownian motion: = + where is the constant drift (i.e. expected return) of the security price , is the constant volatility, and is a standard Wiener process with zero mean and unit rate of variance.