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Women of the time still used a number of birth control measures such as coitus interruptus, inserting lily root and rue into the vagina, and infanticide after birth. [ 16 ] Historian John M. Riddle has advanced the hypothesis that women in classical antiquity, the Middle Ages , and the Early Modern period used herbs to control fertility.
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. [1] [2] Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century. [3]
Mauriceau was a doctor and his work was cited many times in early volumes of the Birth Control Review. Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. [11]
As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. [20] The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. [21]
The American Birth Control League (ABCL) was founded by Margaret Sanger in 1921 at the First American Birth Control Conference in New York City. [1] The organization promoted the founding of birth control clinics and encouraged women to control their own fertility. [1] In 1942, the league became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. [1]
Marble relief from Ostia Antica showing a childbirth scene. Childbirth and obstetrics in classical antiquity (here meaning the ancient Greco-Roman world) were studied by the physicians of ancient Greece and Rome. Their ideas and practices during this time endured in Western medicine for centuries and many themes are seen in modern women's health.
The birth control pill became the world's most popular method of birth control in the years after its 1960 debut, but condoms remained a strong second. A survey of British women between 1966 and 1970 found that the condom was the most popular birth control method with single women.
Edward Bliss Foote designed an early form of barrier contraception that he called the "womb veil" The womb veil was a 19th-century American form of barrier contraception consisting of an occlusive pessary, i.e. a device inserted into the vagina to block access of the sperm into the uterus.